Women movements in India
Women movements in India · feminism · #MeToo
Quick answer
The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, enacted in 2023 as the 106th Constitutional Amendment, is the law reserving 33 percent of seats in the Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies and the Delhi assembly for women, with sub-reservation for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe women. It becomes operational only after the first delimitation following the 2026 Census.
Story hook
It is 20 September 2023. The 128th Constitutional Amendment Bill — Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam — is passed in both Houses. The Act reserves 33% of seats in Lok Sabha + State Legislative Assemblies + Delhi Assembly for women. Implementation hinges on first delimitation after Census 2026, so effectively operational 2029+.
For UPSC, women + gender empowerment is heavily tested in Mains GS-I + GS-II.
Why this matters for UPSC
For UPSC:
- Prelims: NSV Adhiniyam 2023 + women's reservation history + major laws + commissions.
- Mains GS-I + GS-II: Gender equality + UCC + women's representation + welfare schemes.
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