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International RelationsPrelims: HighMains: HighInterview: Medium8 min readUpdated 2026-05-25

Regional groupings

Regional groupings — SAARC · BIMSTEC · SCO · BRICS · G20 · G7

Story hook

It is 9-10 September 2023, G20 Leaders' Summit at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. PM Modi, as host, presides over the most participatory G20 Summit in history — 130+ side events, 38 agreements, G20 Declaration adopted on 9 September (despite Russia-Ukraine + China-US tensions), African Union admitted as 21st member. India's Sherpa Amitabh Kant consolidates "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" (One Earth-One Family-One Future) as G20 theme.

For UPSC, multilateral forums (BRICS + G20 + SCO + UN) are heavily tested in Mains GS-II international relations.

Why this matters for UPSC

For UPSC:

  • Prelims: BRICS + G20 + SCO + UN structure + India's role + recent summits.
  • Mains GS-II: India's multilateral diplomacy + UN reform + Global South leadership.

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  • Start here (zero knowledge)
  • Flow diagram & mind map
  • Deep dive
  • Real-world connections
  • Memory hooks & mnemonics
  • The Prelims angle
  • The Mains angle
  • The Interview angle
  • Common traps & misconceptions
  • 5-minute revision card
  • Related topics

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