Civil Service reforms
Civil Service reforms · 2nd ARC recommendations · lateral entry
12 min read · Updated 2026-05-25
What is Civil service reform?
Civil service reform is the effort to change how the bureaucracy is recruited, trained, posted, appraised and held accountable so that it delivers citizen-centric outcomes. In India its landmarks are the Second ARC's fifteen reports (2005-09) under Veerappa Moily, lateral entry to joint-secretary posts from June 2018, and Mission Karmayogi, approved on 2 September 2020, with its iGOT platform and FRACS competency framework.
The story
It is 9 June 2018. The Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) notifies an advertisement that will outrage the IAS Association and delight reformers: 10 Joint Secretary posts, in ministries like Revenue, Civil Aviation, Economic Affairs, are open to private-sector applicants through lateral entry. 6,000 applications pour in for the first batch.
It is not the first time India has tried this. Manmohan Singh himself entered the civil service laterally as Chief Economic Adviser (1972), then RBI Governor (1982), then Finance Minister (1991). Montek Ahluwalia, Nandan Nilekani, Bibek Debroy, Vijay Kelkar, Sam Pitroda — every recent reform wave has brought outsiders into the steel frame.
But the 2018 lateral entry breaks fresh ground because it bypasses UPSC, raising constitutional questions under Article 320. Critics: it dilutes meritocracy, undermines reservation, opens revolving doors. Defenders: it brings domain expertise the generalist IAS cannot quickly muster.
Layered on top sit the 15 reports of the 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC-II), the Mission Karmayogi (2020) capacity-building rewrite, the Surinder Nath (2003) and Hota (2004) committees, and the Baswan Committee (2016) on UPSC reform. Civil service reform is the most-asked GS-II Governance unit after Citizen Charters.
Why this matters for UPSC
- Prelims: 1-2 questions per year — ARC II reports, lateral entry mechanism, Mission Karmayogi pillars.
- Mains GS-II: Recurring stem — "Suggest reforms in Indian civil services" (2018, 2020, 2023).
- Interview: Lateral entry, IAS vs domain experts, transfers policy.